Novel approaches against Spinal Muscular Atrophy by targeting splicing regulators
Prof. Frédéric Allain, ETH Zürich
Abstract (Lay summary see below)
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a leading genetic cause of infant mortality (1/10,000 live birth). The disease is caused by a decrease in expression of SMN proteins in motor neurons due to deletions or mutations within the Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Although all SMA patients still have at least one nearly identical copy of SMN1 (called SMN2 gene), it fails to prevent SMA mostly due to a single C-to-U change in SMN2 exon 7 compared to SMN1. This nucleotide change does not alter an amino acid, but modifies the set of splicing regulators recruited on the exon. As a consequence, the majority of the transcripts from SMN2 lacks exon 7, leading to a non functional SMN protein that gets rapidly degraded. Therefore, one of the most promising strategies to cure SMA consists in acting on SMN2 gene of the patients to induce the recruitment of splicing factors that promote exon7 inclusion and/or repress the recruitment of splicing repressors to restore the production of functional SMN proteins.
Our objective consists in identifying new molecules that modulate the specific interaction of these splicing regulators with SMN2 RNA. Using Differential Scanning Fluorimetry, we will screen the binding of these factors to their SMN2 RNA targets against a molecule library to find compounds that stabilize splicing activator or destabilize splicing inhibitor binding to SMN2 RNA. Positive drug hits will then be placed on the three dimensional structures of the protein-RNA complexes and be further improved by rational drug design or a fragment-based approach if several hits are found. Finally, the activity of the resultant molecule on SMN2 exon 7 splicing will be tested in human cells. In parallel, we will try to reprogram SRSF1, a splicing factor that activates very efficiently SMN1 exon7 inclusion to make it active on SMN2 genes.
We already obtained promising preliminary results for both projects, which should lead to the generation of a new generation of drugs that could be used against spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and many other genetic diseases originating from alternative-splicing defects.
Lay summary
Trouver de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques contre l’Atrophie Musculaire Spinale
Nous proposons de développer deux nouvelles stratégies pour lutter contre cette maladie. Dans un premier temps nous essaierons de sélectionner de petites molécules a visée thérapeutiques stimulant ou réprimant l’action d’activateurs ou répresseurs de la production d’ARN SMN fonctionnels. Dans un deuxième temps nous tenterons de modifier directement l’activateur d’épissage SRSF1 par ingénierie moléculaire afin de le rendre actif sur l’ARN SMN2. Dans les deux cas, nous nous appuierons sur les structures de ces régulateurs liés à leurs cibles ARN que nous avons déterminées précédemment par RMN.
Projekte
- Neue Forschungsprojekte ab 2024
- Die Bedeutung der Forschung
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