Cardiac involvement in patients with Duchenne/Becker Muscular Dystrophy; an observational study
Dr. Andrea Klein, Neurology, Children University Hospital Zürich
Abstract (Lay summary see below)
Background: DMD is an X-linked recessive disease involving the dystrophin protein in skeletal and heart muscle, affecting 1:3500 male births. Most patients die from severe cardiomyopathy and respiratory complications from muscular degeneration in the heart and respiratory muscles, at a mean age between 19 years and the early 30’s depending on treatment. Glucocorticoids slow progression. Heart failure treatment is instituted when standard echocardiographic parameters show a decline in function. Gene therapy for select mutations has now entered clinical trials, but with controversial effect on cardiac function. Quantitative cardiac outcome measures are very important. However, standard echocardiography is almost exclusively used, which is cheaper but less accurate than cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). CMR allows measurements of ventricular volumes and myocardial mass, ventricular function, blood flow, stroke volumes, and areas of inflammation, fibrosis, or ischemia in DMD/BMD cardiomyopathy. CMR has not been employed in longitudinal studies or therapeutic trials as yet.
Objectives: to detect small changes in cardiac function in individual patients over time with noninvasive cardiac imaging techniques and to find sensitive parameters for early detection of abnormalities in DMD/BMD cardiomyopathy.
Methods: 40 patients with DMD/BMD aged 8 years and above will undergo multimodality cardiac imaging: annual CMR, semiannual echocardiography including advanced techniques. Changes in cardiac function will be followed over two years. Agreement between measurements with multiple observations per individual will be compared, sensitivity and specificity of echo-measurements will be tested against CMR, and modality-specific decline in cardiac function will be disclosed for the population.
Lay summary
Beobachtungsstudie „Herzbeteiligung bei Muskeldystrophie Duchenne / Muskeldystrophie Becker“
Einleitung: Die Muskeldystrophie Duchenne (DMD) ist eine X-chromosomal vererbte Erkrankung, die etwa eines von 3500 männlichen Neugeborenen betrifft. Sie geht mit fortschreitender Muskelschwäche einher und betrifft sowohl die Skelettmuskulatur, die Atemmuskeln als auch den Herzmuskel. Die Behandlung mit Steroiden verschafft den Kindern eine um Jahre verlängerte Gehfähigkeit und zusammen mit der verbesserten Standardbehandlung nach internationalen Richtlinien auch eine verlängerte Lebenserwartung.
Die Muskeldystrophie Becker (BMD) resultiert aus einer Mutation im selben Gen, jedoch verändert sich die Skelettmuskulatur langsamer, so dass die Patienten manchmal als erstes Symptome von Herzmuskelschwäche bemerken.
Für die klinische Versorgung und für Therapiestudien sind empfindliche nichtinvasive Methoden zur Beurteilung der Herzfunktion notwendig. EKG- und Veränderungen im Herzultraschall (Echokardiografie) treten in unterschiedlichem Alter auf, aber genaue Messungen insbesondere mit dem Ultraschall sind oft schwierig. Die Untersuchung mit dem MRI, d.h. die kardiale Magnetresonanztomografie (CMR) ist wesentlich genauer, wird aber bisher weniger verwendet. Es fehlen Studien über längere Zeiträume zum Vergleich der bildgebenden Verfahren bei Patienten mit DMD und BMD sowie zum Fortschreiten von Herzveränderungen, die mit multimodaler Bildgebung einschliesslich CMR erfassbar wären.
Ziele: 1. Vergleich der kardialen Bildgebungsverfahren (Standard-Echokardiografie, erweiterte Echokardiografie-Techniken, CMR) bei Patienten mit Duchenne / Becker Muskeldystrophie. Welches Verfahren ist am empfindlichsten?
2. Longitudinale Beobachtung des Auftretens von Veränderungen („natürlicher Verlauf“ der Herzmuskelerkrankung bei Muskeldystrophie unter der üblichen Therapie): Ausmass und Lokalisation von frühen degenerativen Veränderungen im Herzmuskel.
3. Entwicklung einer empfindlichen, nichtinvasiven Strategie zur Bildgebung des Herzens, um in therapeutischen Studien oder unter Standardtherapie Herzveränderungen seriell zuverlässig einzuschätzen und rechtzeitig mit einer Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz zu beginnen.
Methodik der Durchführung: Die Patienten werden in halbjährlichen Abständen untersucht, jeweils mit Anamnese, körperlicher Untersuchung, EKG, 24-Stunden-EKG und Echokardiografie. Einmal pro Jahr erfolgt zusätzlich eine CMR-Untersuchung und Bestimmung des NT-proBNP-Wertes im Blut. Veränderungen im Vergleich zu den vorherigen Messwerten sowie zu Normwerten werden erfasst.
Relevanz für die Patienten: Mit der Identifikation geeigneter Methoden zur Früherkennung und zuverlässigen Verlaufsbeobachtung von Herzveränderungen bei DMD/BMD können Therapieeffekte auf das Herz besser beurteilt werden. Das heisst, wir suchen die ideale Test-Strategie, um die Wirkung zukünftiger Therapien (z.B. Exon-Skipping) zu beurteilen. Ebenfalls wichtig ist es, sinnvolle Untersuchungsabstände für die klinische Routine zu finden und eine beginnende Verschlechterung der Herzfunktion nicht zu verpassen. So kann frühzeitig mit Herzinsuffizienztherapie begonnen und damit dem krankhaften Umbau des Herzmuskels entgegenwirkt werden.
Projekte
- Neue Forschungsprojekte ab 2024
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