Improving cellular therapies of muscle dystrophies by uncovering epigenetic and signaling pathways of muscle formation
Prof. Peter Meister, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern
Abstract (Lay summary see below)
The injection of muscle progenitors into degenerating muscles of dystrophic patients is a great source of hope in the treatment of these genetic diseases. With the recent improvement of de-differentiation techniques to create induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs), the major hurdle for these therapies remains the efficient in vitro differentiation into muscle progenitors before re-introduction into patients. This is mainly due to our insufficient knowledge of the signaling pathways as well as the epigenetic determination of muscle differentiation. With this project, we will use the model organism C. elegans to fill this lack of information. First, using the unique invariant lineage of C. elegans and a muscle differentiation potency sensor developed in the laboratory, we will characterize all cell types of the entire organism which can be differentiated into muscle progenitors, giving a hint into which iPSC differentiation protocol could be used. Second, using a variety of genetic mutants and a chromatin-targeted RNAi screen, we will uncover epigenetic regulators of muscle differentiation, suggesting epigenetic targets to improve the latter. Finally, we will characterize the network of inductive signals necessary for muscle differentiation by screening a signaling and receptor targeted library. Altogether, results of this project will identify the key molecules required for muscle differentiation in the context of an organism and be immediately translatable into mouse models of muscular dystrophies. Moreover, it will bring into light new epigenetic and signaling targets for small molecule chemical screening to improve the generation of muscle progenitors.
Lay summary
Les dystrophies musculaires sont une famille hétérogène de maladies caractérisées par la perte progressive de masse musculaire due à la dégénération et/ou une absence de regénération des cellules musculaires. L’injection de cellules musculaires ou de cellules pré-musculaires est envisagée comme une thérapie possible pour toutes ces maladies, bien que liées à une variété de mutations génétiques. Si de nombreuses expériences ont été menées pour créer des cellules musculaires in vitro ou dans la souris, les protocoles ne sont ni assez efficaces, ni assez contrôlés pour permettre une utilisation en phase clinique sur des patients. Ceci est majoritairement dû à notre connaissance insuffisante des voies de signalisation et des processus épigénétiques qui conduisent à la différenciation en cellules musculaires.
Pour mieux comprendre comment « fabriquer » des cellules de muscle, nous utilisons le ver microscopique C. elegans comme modèle. Ce ver permet d’étudier des principes biologiques fondamentaux - tels que la formation du muscle – en utilisant des outils génétiques qui seraient difficiles et coûteux à mettre en place dans la souris. Nous voulons ainsi déterminer quels sont les types cellulaires les mieux adaptés pour créer du muscle et caractériser les régulateurs intracellulaires ainsi que les signaux intercellulaires impliqués dans la différenciation musculaire. Nous espérons ainsi identifier les acteurs majeurs permettant de différencier efficacement des cellules en muscle, et mettre en évidence de nouvelles cibles permettant d’améliorer la formation de cellules musculaires pour envisager un passage en clinique des prometteuses thérapies cellulaires.
Projekte
- Neue Forschungsprojekte ab 2024
- Die Bedeutung der Forschung
- Finanzierte Projekte
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