Protein engineering in an attempt to increase the mechanical, integrin dependent cytoskeleton-matrix linkage in muscle fibers
Prof. Bernhard Wehrle-Haller, Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Univesity of Geneva
Abstract (Lay summary see below)
The long-term goal of our research is to understand the mechanisms of integrindependent cell to substrate adhesion and the resulting intracellular signaling, in order to develop therapeutic tools to increase the mechanical resistance of muscle tissues and to enhance muscle regeneration. To achieve this goal, we need to identify protein-protein and protein-lipid binding interfaces that control the association of integrin receptors with its different adapter proteins, which are employed to regulate extracellular matrix synthesis and tissue remodeling during muscle morphogenesis and regeneration. Since integrin/adapter binding affinities control adhesion site assembly and turnover, we have started to analyze the recently identified acetylation of β1-integrins, in order to understand kindlin recruitment and regulation of cell-matrix-adhesion site formation. According to preliminary results from Birgit Kastberger, β1-integrin acetylation causes an increase in the formation of fibrillar adhesions and fibronectin synthesis, which suggests that environmental factors leading to changes in intracellular acetylation levels has a direct impact on the behavior of adhesion sites. Our aim for the last year of Birgit’s thesis is to understand how integrin acetylation will change kindlin-binding and steady state equilibrium of adhesion complexes and thereby the mechanical and signaling function of muscle cells. Thus for the fourth year of the PhD thesis of Birgit Kastberger, we will analyze how the integrin association of the kindlin-adapter protein is influenced by acetylation and how this controls the function of the fibronectin-synthesizing integrin receptor α5β1. Understanding the role of kindlin’s in the control of muscle attachment sites, will enable us to develop therapeutic tools to modify muscle morphogenesis and to enhance its regeneration.
Lay summary
Muskelfasern sind von Bindegewebe umgeben, das sowohl für die Innervierung mit Nervenfasern als auch für die Nährstoffversorgung durch Blutgefässe notwendig ist. Während der Muskelentwicklung und auch der Regenerierung von verletzten Muskelfasern bietet dieses Bindegewebe einen Halt für die Muskelzellwanderung und ein Gerüst zur Bildung der Muskelfasern. Damit diese Prozesse erfolgen können, müssen Muskelzellen einerseits mit Hilfe von Haftungspunkten mit dem Bindegewebe in Wechselwirkung treten und andererseits selber zur Bildung des Bindegewebes beitragen in dem sie Bindegewebsfasern in Ihrer unmittelbaren Umgebung ablagern. Bei wiederholter Verletzungen von Muskelfasern wird der Bindegewebeanteil des Muskels immer grösser was zu einer reduzierten Flexibilität und Kontraktion des Muskels führt ein Prozess der auch als Fibrose bekannt ist. In unserem Forschungsprojekt wollen wir verstehen wie Bindegewebsrezeptoren der Muskelzellen einerseits Haftpunkte bilden und andererseits zur Ablagerung von neuen Bindegewebefasern beitragen. In Vorversuchen konnten wir zeigen, dass die Umschaltung der Rezeptorfunktion von Zellhaftung zu Bindegewebeablagerung durch das binden unterschiedlicher intrazellulären Adapterproteine erfolgt. Im speziellen wollen wir verstehen wie und ob die Bindung von diesen Adapterproteine durch eine enzymatische Modifikation des Rezeptors beeinflusst wird, die unter anderem auch durch die Höhe des Blutzuckerspiegels beeinflusst wird, was bei veränderter metabolischen Funktionen zur Beschleunigung des Vernarbungsprozesses führen kann. Durch das Verständnis dieses Modifikationsprozesses und der involvierten Proteine könnten wir gezielt die Regeneration der Muskelfasern unterstützen und das Entstehung von Narbengewebe blockieren.
Progetti
- Nuovi progetti di ricerca dal 2024
- L'importanza della ricerca
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