Generation of uncommitted human IPSC derived muscle stem cells for therapeutic applications
Dr. Florian Bentzinger, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Campus EPFL, Lausanne
Abstract (Lay summary see below)
Stem cell therapy of skeletal muscle diseases is hindered by the limited availability of sufficient donor stem cells. This problem is complicated by the fact that primary muscle stem cells can currently not be expanded in vitro because removal of the cells from their niche induces their terminal commitment to myogenic differentiation. Upon transplantation, committed cells can only inefficiently engraft into the stem cell compartment and the majority of cells will differentiate and fuse into muscle fibers close to the injection site. This leads to poor distribution of muscle fibers containing donor nuclei in the host tissue and to transient effects that disappear with turnover of muscle fibers. Thus, by allowing for efficient engraftment into the stem cell compartment, the availability of large quantities of uncommitted cells would be a great advancement for the therapy of degenerative diseases of the skeletal musculature with a genetic basis.
Here we propose a screen for the derivation of uncommitted muscle stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs). For this purpose we will generate fluorescent reporter hIPSC lines for the myogenic lineage markers Six1, Six4, Pax3, Pax7, Myf5, MyoD and Myogenin using the CRISPR technology. In contrast to current protocols for the derivation of myogenic cells from IPSCs, we will focus on conditions that allow for the derivation of uncommitted cells maintaining the expression of the stem cell markers but remaining negative for the commitment factors Myf5 and MyoD, as well as for the differentiation marker Myogenin.
Finally, we will test the engraftment and differentiation potential of muscle stem cells generated under candidate conditions in dystrophic mdx mice. Ultimately, our experiments will provide a much needed protocol for the derivation of uncommitted muscle stem cells from hIPSCs for therapeutic applications.
Lay summary
Aufgrund der limitierten Verfügbarkeit von Spenderzellen ist die Stammzelltherapie genetisch bedingter Krankheiten der Skelettmuskulatur momentan nicht möglich. Eine gezielte Vermehrung von Muskelstammzellen durch Zellkultur könnte ausreichend Spenderzellen generieren. Diese Strategie scheitert jedoch bisher daran, dass Muskelstammzellen die aus ihrer spezialisierten Gewebsnische entnommen werden schnell ihren Stammzellcharakter verlieren. Folglich können kultivierte Muskelvorläuferzellen nach der Transplantation das Empfängergewebe nicht als Stammzellen besiedeln, sondern nur als vor-differenzierte Zellen, die rasch im Bereich der Injektionsstelle mit den umliegenden Muskelfasern fusionieren. Dies führt dazu, dass die Verteilung modifizierter Muskelfasern mit Spenderzellkernen sehr inhomogen ist. Des Weiteren werden diese wenigen Fasern in der zytotoxischen Umgebung erkrankter Muskeln schnell eliminiert. Aus diesen Gründen wäre die ausreichende Verfügbarkeit undifferenzierter Muskelstammzellen ein entscheidender Fortschritt für die Therapie degenerativer Erkrankungen der Skelettmuskulatur. Solche Zellen könnten sich als Stammzellen im gesamten Empfängermuskel verteilen, würden lebenslang erhalten bleiben und könnten gleichzeitig konstant Tochterzellen bilden, die differenzieren und mit dem Empfängerfasern fusionieren. In unserem Projekt werden wir untersuchen, wie aus kultivierbaren menschlichen induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen (IPS) undifferenzierte Muskelstammzellen generiert werden können. Zu diesem Zweck modifizieren wir IPS Zellen mit fluoreszierenden „Marker“ Proteinen, die uns während der Erzeugung der Muskelvorläuferzellen anzeigen ob die Zellen noch Stammzellcharakter haben oder bereits differenziert sind. Basierend auf dieser innovativen Strategie werden wir ein Protokoll etablieren, welches es ermöglicht grosse Mengen therapeutisch wertvoller Muskelstammzellen zu produzieren.
Progetti
- Nuovi progetti di ricerca dal 2024
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- Generation of uncommitted human IPSC derived muscle stem cells for therapeutic applications
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