Automated volumetry and quantitative MRI to diagnose peripheral nerve lesions – translational proposal for a new clinical diagnostic imaging tool
Dr. Olivier Scheidegger, Inselspital Bern
Abstract (Lay summary see below)
In the diagnostic work-up of peripheral nerve disorders, neurophysiological studies are a major element complementing clinical examination to appropriately detect, classify and follow nerve lesions. Treatment decisions rely predominantly on this diagnostic approach. However, neurophysiological studies carry several disadvantages: 1) there is no information about structural changes, and 2) some body parts are hampered by unselective investigations (e.g. brachial plexus). In this project, we aim at developing a novel diagnostic tool that addresses these two problems, and upon completion of the project will be ready for deployment to the community of neuromuscular diseases. MR neurography is a relatively new application of clinical MR sequences optimized for peripheral nerves that provides a high anatomical detail and delineates nerve pathologies for qualitative image analysis. However, MR can also yield quantitative information on physical properties of peripheral nerves. The aim of the project is to develop a new volumetric segmentation algorithm for peripheral nerves that is feasible for clinical practice, provides precise location-dependent volumetric parameters of peripheral nerves, and serves as a template (region/volume-of-interest) for the location dependent analysis of more advanced quantitative MR techniques such as T2 relaxometry and diffusion-weighted imaging. Such a diagnostic tool has not been developed so far. Peripheral nerve lesions lead to secondary changes in muscles they innervate, so the precise analysis of changes in physical properties of muscles using quantitative MR provides additional information on the aetiology of the underlying nerve pathology. The software development aims at integrating muscle segmentation and quantitative MR analysis to assess these secondary changes in affected muscles. Validation data will be gathered in healthy volunteers for upper and lower extremities, and the proof-of-concept of the method will be addressed in a longitudinal study of a cohort of clinically and neurophysiologically defined focal neuropathies. The development of this project will serve as a reference for future investigation of patient cohorts with other types of neuropathies.
Lay summary
Erkrankungen des peripheren Nervensystems, d.h. von Nerven, welche aus dem Rückenmark austreten und im gesamten Rumpf sowie in den Armen und Beinen verlaufen, führen zu Störungen des Gefühls, der Hautbeschaffenheit, und auch der Kraftentfaltung der Muskulatur. Um eine allfällig gezielte Therapie dieser Erkrankungen durchzuführen, muss als erstes die genaue Ursache erfasst werden, welche zum Nervenschaden führt. Hierzu kann der Neurologe neben der Symptombeschreibung auch die körperliche Untersuchung beiziehen. Dies erlaubt teilweise eine lokalisatorische Annäherung des Nervenschadens. Wichtig zur Abklärung der Ursache ist zudem, welcher Nervenbestandteil vorwiegend betroffen ist: die Hülle der Nerven (= Myelin), oder das Innere der Nervenfaser (= Axon). Hierfür kann einzig eine apparative Diagnostik helfen, die sog. Elektroneuromyographie, bei welcher Stromimpulse an den Nerven appliziert werden, und die Weiterleitung dieser Impulse am Nerv oder an der Muskulatur gemessen wird. Stammnahe Nervenabschnitte lassen sich mit dieser Technik jedoch nur ungenügend untersuchen, sodass aktuell bei einigen Erkrankungen eine gewisse diagnostische Unsicherheit besteht resp. die Diagnose nicht oder nur verzögert gestellt werden kann. Unser Forschungsprojekt soll versuchen, diese Lücke zu schliessen. Eingesetzt werden neue bildgebende Verfahren mittels MRI, dank welcher verschiedene Nervenabschnitte des gesamten peripheren Nervens zwischen Austritt aus dem Rückenmark bis hin zur Muskulatur untersucht werden können. Die Entwicklung von ausgeklügelten Programmen basierend auf mathematischen Prinzipien der Mustererkennung soll für die Strukturanalyse der Nerven und Muskeln in den hochaufgelösten MRI Bildern beigezogen werden. Damit und mittels neuer MRI Techniken soll die Analyse unterschiedlicher physikalischer Eigenschaften von Myelin und Axone ermöglicht werden. Ebenso wird der Zusammenhang der bildgebenden Veränderungen der Muskulatur bei Nervenerkrankungen damit untersucht werden. An diesem interdisziplinären Projekt arbeiten Forscher aus dem Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics der Universität Bern, aus der Universitätsklinik für Neurologie des Inselspitals Bern, sowie aus dem Universitätsinstitut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie des Inselspitals Bern.
Progetti
- Nuovi progetti di ricerca dal 2024
- L'importanza della ricerca
- Progetti finanziati
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- Opuscolo progetti
- SEAL Therapeutics AG
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