Characterizing the role of ER stress in C9orf72-linked ALS pathology
Prof. Smita Saxena, Inselspital, University of Bern
Abstract (Lay summary see below)
The discovery of hexanucleotide G4C2 repeat expansions in the intronic region of C9orf72 as a common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has profoundly changed our understanding of the neuromuscular disorder ALS. The noncanonical, repeat-associated non-ATG-mediated translation of G4C2 repeat expansions in different reading frames produces dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins such as poly(Gly-Arg) and poly(Gly-Ala) that are neurotoxic and form inclusion bodies. Several studies indicate that ALS progression involves an early endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response as demonstrated in human post-mortem patient tissue and various animal models of the disease. Recent studies in iPSC-derived motoneurons from C9orf72 and sporadic ALS patients show that ER stress is a major pathological feature triggering defects in neuronal connectivity and excitability. ER stress activates the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), a homeostatic signaling network which induces adaptive programs that improves protein folding, but can also activate apoptosis dependent on the intensity and duration of the UPR. My laboratory has greatly contributed to define the functional impact of the ER proteostasis network to ALS and developed strategies to reduce disease burden. Focusing on C9orf72, we identified that the normal C9orf72 functions in stress granule assembly and that G4C2 repeat expansions hypersensitizes cells to ER stress, negatively impacting cell survival. In agreement with this concept, it was reported that expression of poly-(Gly-Ala) proteins in vitro, led to ER stress, impaired neurite outgrowth, and triggered apoptosis. A 2017 repurposed drug discovery study to reduce/inhibit ER stress has identified two FDA-approved drugs trazodone hydrochloride and dibenzoylmethane which protects against ER stress induced neurodegeneration in models of prion-related disorders and FTD. In this project, using the newly generated rodent model of C9orf72, we propose to firstly identify and characterize the mechanism behind repeat expansion and dipeptide repeat protein induced ER stress in motoneurons. Second objective is to test at preclinical level therapeutic targets to alleviate ALS associated symptoms.
Lay summary
Caractérisation du rôle du stress RE dans la pathologie de C9orf72-SLA
La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodégénérative mortelle, caractérisée par la dégénérescence sélective des motoneurones dans la moelle épinière, entraînant une atrophie et une paralysie musculaires et la mort dans les 3 à 5 ans suivant le diagnostic. Il n'y a pas de remède pour la SLA. La découverte des expansions répétées de l'hexanucléotide G4C2 dans la région intronique de C9orf72 comme cause génétique commune de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) et de la démence frontotemporale a profondément modifié notre compréhension de la SLA. La translation non-canonique, non-ATG dépendant des expansions répétées de G4C2, produit des protéines dipeptidiques répétées (DPR) qui formant des inclusions neurotoxiques. Plusieurs études ont montrée que la progression de la SLA implique une réponse au stress du réticulum endoplasmique (RE) précoce, tel que démontré dans le tissu du patient humain post-mortem et divers modèles animaux de la maladie. Des études récentes sur des motoneurones dérivés de patients de C9orf72-SLA et des SLA sporadiques ont montré que le stress RE est une caractéristique de pathologie majeure déclenchant des anomalies de la connectivité neuronale et de l'excitabilité.
Mon laboratoire a contribué à définir l'impact fonctionnel du réseau de stress RE sur la SLA et a développé des stratégies pour réduire les symptômes de la maladie. Récemment, nous avons identifié que les fonctions normales de C9orf72 est dans l'assemblage de stress granules et que les expansions répétées de G4C2 hypersensibilisent les cellules au stress RE, ayant un impact négatif sur la survie des cellules. Dans ce projet, en utilisant le modèle de C9orf72 nouvellement produit, nous proposons d'identifier et de caractériser d'abord le mécanisme de l'expansion répétée et stress de RE induite par la protéine dipeptidique dans les motoneurones. Le second objectif est de tester au niveau préclinique des cibles thérapeutiques pour soulager les symptômes associés à la SLA.
Projets
- Nouveaux projets de recherche dès 2024
- L'importance de la recherche
- Projets financés
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- Open and reproducible pipeline for the acquisition and analysis of muscle MRI data in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
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- Functional properties and epigenetic signature of quiescent and early activated human muscle reserve cells
- Activation of human skeletal muscle stem cells:role of Orai3 ans its partner AHNAK2 in physiological condition and in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- Understanding the clinical spectrum associated with VMA21 deficiency
- ANTXR2 as a key player in Collagen VI signaling in muscle stem cells: new therapeutic perspectives for COL6-related myopathies.
- Molecular mechanisms of complement activation and neuromuscular disruption by combinations of autoantibodies from patients with Myasthenia Gravis
- From the investigation of the role of SRSF1 in ALS/FTD to its targeting as a therapeutic strategy
- Molecular crosstalk between muscles and motor neurons and its role in neuromuscular circuit formation
- Molecular Diagnosis and Coping Mechanisms in Mitochondrial Myopathies
- IPRIMYO: Immune-privileged, immortal, myogenic stem cells for gene therapy of Muscular Dystrophy
- Effect of RYR1 mutations on muscle spindle function and their impact on the musculoskeletal system
- Therapeutic potential of human myogenic reserve cells in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- Glutamine metabolism as a potential target for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- Targeting protein s-acylation during Tubular Aggregate Myopathy
- Aggravating the phenotype of dystrophic mice for improving preclinical research and clinical translation for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Characterization of autoreactive T cells in Guillain-Barré syndrome
- A vascularized human muscle-on-a-chip to elucidate the contribution of endothelial-mesenchymal transition on the progression of muscular dystrophies
- Characterization of a novel form of ALS associated with changes in the sphingolipid metabolism
- Pre-clinical treatment of mouse models carrying recessive Ryr1 mutations with HDAC/DNA methyltransferase inhibitors.
- New aspects of TGFβ signaling in muscle homeostasis and regeneration
- Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis as a treatment strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Tamoxifen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (TAMDMD)
- DNA aptamers against the DUX4 protein reveal novel therapeutic implications for FSHD
- Facilitating diagnosis of critical illness myopathy using muscle excitability testing
- Rapid Exploratory Imaging for High-resolution and Whole Extremity Coverage in MR Neurography
- Deciphering novel mechanisms and effectors contributing to muscle dysfunction in Myotonic Dystrophy Type I
- Can HDAC/DNA methyltransferase inhibitors improve muscle function in a congenital myopathy caused by recessive RYR1 mutations?
- Identification of the critical regulators of protein synthesis and degradation in human muscle atrophy
- Exploring peripheral B-cell-helper T cell phenotypes in the blood of patients with Myasthenia gravis using mass cytometry (CyTOF)
- Molecular signature, metabolic profile and therapeutic potential of human myogenic reserve cells
- A multicenter cross-sectional and longitudinal study of the Swiss cohort of Merosin-negative congenital muscular dystrophy
- Targeting NADPH oxidase 4 in models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Characterizing the role of ER stress in C9orf72-linked ALS pathology
- Inducing mitophagy with Urolithin A to restore mitochondrial and muscle function in muscular dystrophy
- Motor unit action potentials analysis in patients with myopathies with a new wireless portable and multichannel Surface EMG device (WPM-SEMG)
- Role and therapeutic potential of PLIN3 in neuromuscular diseases
- Changes in ventilation distribution in children with neuromuscular disease using the insufflator/exsufflator technique: An observational study
- Mechanism and function of genome organization in muscle development and integrity
- Role and therapeutic potential of NADPH oxidases in a mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- Characterization of pathological pathways activated in muscles of patients with congenital myopathies with disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis
- Creation of a study team to conduct an SMA 1-clinical trial at the Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases of the University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB)
- Novel treatment to stop progressive neuropathy and muscle weakness in multifocal motor neuropathy
- Understanding the pathomechanisms leading to muscle alterations in Myotonic Dystrophy type I
- Automated volumetry and quantitative MRI to diagnose peripheral nerve lesions – translational proposal for a new clinical diagnostic imaging tool
- Novel approaches against Spinal Muscular Atrophy by targeting splicing regulators
- Protective effects and mechanisms of action of tamoxifen in mice with severe muscular diseases
- Role of the receptor FgfrL1 in the development of slow muscle fibers
- Muscle velocity recovery cycles: A new tool for early diagnosis of critical illness myopathy
- Generation of uncommitted human IPSC derived muscle stem cells for therapeutic applications
- Transposable vectors for dystrophin-expression in a murine model for muscular dystrophy
- Cardiac involvement in patients with Duchenne/Becker Muscular Dystrophy; an observational study
- Deciphering the pathogenic mechanisms of C9ORF72 ALS
- Enhancing estrogenic signalling to fight muscular dystrophies: Mechanisms of action and repurposing clinically approved drugs
- Mechanisms and therapeutic potential of modulating PGC‐1α to alter neuromuscular junction morphology and function
- Triggering human myoblast differentiation: from EGFR to myogenic transcription factors
- Improving cellular therapies of muscle dystrophies by uncovering epigenetic and signaling pathways of muscle formation
- Protein engineering in an attempt to increase the mechanical, integrin dependent cytoskeleton-matrix linkage in muscle fibers
- Muscle velocity recovery cycles: a new tool for characterization of muscle disease in vivo
- Excessive neurotrypsin activation and agrin cleavage-a pathogenic condition leading to sarcopenia-like muscle atrophy?
- Evaluation of novel treatment strategies for dyspherlinopathies in mouse models
- Cell therapy of LGMD2D by donor HLA-characterized human mesoangioblasts (hMABs) produced in GMP conditions
- In search of small molecules targeting protein-RNA complex: a novel approach against Spinal Muscular Atrophy
- Restoration of autophagy as a new strategy for the treatment of congenital muscular dystrophies
- Development of magnetic resonance methods for functional imaging of the skeletal muscle
- Targeting ER stress response: a potential mechanism for neuroprotection in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Generation of uncommitted human IPSC derived muscle stem cells for therapeutic applications
- Brochure décrivant les projets
- SEAL Therapeutics AG
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